THE MARINE FAUNA OF NEW-ZEALAND BARNACLES CIRRIPEDIA THORACICA

<p>Barnacle specimens from the shore and shelf of New Zealand were studied, and all known species from New Zealand waters are here systematically described and illustrated. The New Zealand barnacle fauna now comprises 61 spp., of which 8 are described as new species [Arcoscalpellum trochelatum, A. affbricatum, A. pertosum, A. raccidium, Hexelasma alearum, Aaptolasma nolearia, Epopella kermadeca and Tetraclita aoranga ], and 15 are recorded for the 1st time from New Zealand seas. The material studied has revealed facts that have required changes in nomenclature for 2 well-known species. The endemic intertidal scalpellid long known as Pollicipes spinosus (Quoy and Gaimard) is placed in the genus Calantica [C. spinosa comb. nov.] since complemental males were found in the interscutal niche in some specimens. The endemic intertidal balanomorph long known as Elminius plicatus (Gray) is placed in the genus Epopella [E. plicata comb. nov.] of the family Tetraclitidae. The diagnosis of the characteristically subtidal balanomorph family Pachylasmidae is more clearly defined. The New Zealand barnacle fauna is discussed in terms of its geographic distribution and affinities, and its bathymetric distribution (zonation). The isolation of certain morphologically primitive species-the calanticids C. spinosa and C. villosa, the tetraclitid Epopella plicata, and the balanids Elminius modestus and Balanus vestitus-is a notable feature, especially when it is considered that closely related species of these balanomorphs are isolated in temperate South American or Australasian seas. The evolution of the Lepadomorpha is discussed in terms of their substrate requirements and the development or loss of capitular shell plates. The evolution of the Balanomorpha is discussed in terms of their shore zonation and the accompanying modifications of shell structure. [C. spinilatera nom. nov. (Scalpellum spinosum Annandale) and B. tintinnabulum linzei are also discussed.].</p>